Valentine's Day: a day synonymous with love. Valentine's Day, 1989: the writer Salman Rushdie, author of the then recently published novel The Satanic Verses, is condemned to death by the late Iranian ayatollah Khomeini for having offended the Prophet, Islam and the Muslim community. As mentioned before (cf. infra), the "Rushdie Affair", like the "Dreyfus Affair", is heavily politicised, which explains why his own birth country, India, is the first to ban the book: indeed, certain MPs want to capitalise this hatred and lure the Muslim voters towards their party. The culmination of such events happened in the very country (Britain) where Rushdie was living: it was the book-burning, carried out by the very people for whom the book had been written, immigrants from India and Pakistan, and migrants in general. Yes, the book can be deemed shocking. And yes, the power of fiction is enormous (The Da Vinci code is at the moment the epitome of that), and unfortunately dictators are the ones who understand this best. One believes in a fiction as one believes in a religion. They are both narratives. Narratives make us what we are, as human beings and as mankind. To conclude, this date is obviously a sad one in the history of literature; however, exile and hiding are over for Salman Rushdie, who now lives freely between London and New York.La Saint Valentin: un jour synonyme d'amour. La Saint Valentin 1989: l'écrivain Salman Rushdie, auteur des Versets sataniques publiés depuis peu, est condamné à mort par feu l'ayatollah Khomeini d'Iran, pour avoir offensé le Prophète, l'Islam et la communauté musulmane. Comme cela a été mentionné avant (cf. infra), "l'affaire Rushdie", tout comme "l'affaire Dreyfus", est extrêmement politisée, ce qui explique pourquoi son propre pays natal, l'Inde, fut le premier à interdire le livre: en effet, certains députés se hâtèrent d'exploiter cette haine afin d'attirer les électeurs vers leur parti. L'apogée de tels événements eut lieu dans le pays même de résidence de Salman Rushdie (la Grande-Bretagne): un autodafé fut perpétré par ceux pour qui le livre avait été écrit, les immigrés indiens et pakistanais, et les migrants en général. Oui, le livre peut être considéré choquant. Et oui, le pouvoir de la fiction est énorme (le Da Vinci code en est l'exemple parfait en ce moment) et malheureusement, les dictateurs sont ceux qui l'ont le mieux compris. L'on croit en une fiction comme on croit en une religion. Toutes deux sont des récits. Les récits font ce que nous sommes, en tant qu'êtres humains et humanité. Pour conclure, cette date est évidemment triste dans l'histoire de la littérature; cependant, l'exil et la vie cachée n'ont plus lieu d'être pour Salman Rushdie, qui partage librement sa vie entre Londres et New York.




Fusseli's Nightmare (1782) is a very intriguing painting. Its structure is binary through and through : verticality vs. horizontality, dark vs. light, animality vs. humanity and life vs. death. The Hamletian equation "to die, to sleep" could very much apply here. The immaculate swooning lady lying lasciviously is not the centre of attention ; it is the dark brown monster sitting on top of her and staring at us with its bloodshot eyes. This incubus, a male night creature that takes advantage of women during their sleep, is the epitome of the Freudian concept of Unheimlich, or so-called uncanny. The French phrase "petite mort" seems apt and cogent at describing the lady's nightmarish state. The pun in the title becomes apparent when looking at the dark mare on the left-hand side. Order is defeated by a parallel ternary stucture : three beings can be seen, white and dark colours blend into a 